{"id":300,"date":"2025-10-24T11:26:57","date_gmt":"2025-10-24T08:26:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ta9ea.com\/?p=300"},"modified":"2025-10-24T11:26:57","modified_gmt":"2025-10-24T08:26:57","slug":"fm-demodulasyonu-icin-klasik-bir-analog-devre-olan-foster-seeley-ayiricisinin-ustun-dogrusalligina-nasil-ulastigini-ogrenin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ta9ea.com\/?p=300","title":{"rendered":"FM demod\u00fclasyonu i\u00e7in klasik bir analog devre olan Foster-Seeley ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn do\u011frusall\u0131\u011f\u0131na nas\u0131l ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenin."},"content":{"rendered":"

Bu makalede, bir ba\u015fka klasik FM demod\u00fclasyon devresini inceleyece\u011fiz: \u015eekil 1’de g\u00f6sterilen Foster-Seeley ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131.\"\"<\/p>\n

Rezonans\u0131n \u00fczerindeki frekanslar i\u00e7in bu devrenin \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f voltaj\u0131 pozitiftir. Rezonans\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki frekanslar i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f voltaj\u0131 negatiftir. Foster-Seeley ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n frekans tepkisi \u015eekil 2’de g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u015eekil 2.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Foster-Seeley ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n tipik frekans tepkisi.<\/span><\/em><\/h5>\n

 <\/p>\n

Foster-Seeley ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bu tepkiyi nas\u0131l sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u015femas\u0131ndan ilk bak\u0131\u015fta anla\u015f\u0131lamayabilir. A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in, devrenin temel bile\u015fenlerinin i\u015fleyi\u015fini inceleyece\u011fiz. Ard\u0131ndan, \u00f6\u011frendiklerimizi temel alarak devrenin genel i\u015flevselli\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6ncelikle bir seri RLC devresinin rezonans frekans\u0131na yak\u0131n davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 inceleyelim ve \u00f6zellikle de bu devrenin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 faz kaymas\u0131na odaklanal\u0131m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bir RLC Devresinin Faz Kaymas\u0131n\u0131 Anlama<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u015eekil 3, yukar\u0131daki \u015fematikteki L\u00a0<\/span>2<\/span><\/sub>\u00a0ve C\u00a0<\/span>2’nin<\/span><\/sub>\u00a0paralel ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir . L\u00a02’nin parazitik direncini temsil etmek i\u00e7in R\u00a0<\/sub><\/span>2<\/span><\/sub>\u00a0eklenmi\u015ftir\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u015eekil 3.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Bir RLC devresinin \u00f6rne\u011fi.<\/span><\/em><\/h5>\n

 <\/p>\n

Bu tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n amac\u0131 do\u011frultusunda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki de\u011ferleri varsayal\u0131m:<\/span><\/p>\n

L2<\/span><\/em>\u00a0= 10\u00a0<\/span>\u03bcH<\/span><\/sub><\/p>\n

R2<\/span><\/em>\u00a0= 100\u00a0<\/span>\u03a9<\/span><\/sub><\/p>\n

C2\u00a0<\/span>=<\/span><\/sub>\u00a025.33029 pF.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da hesapland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi 10 MHz’lik bir rezonans frekans\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u015eimdi 10 MHz sin\u00fczoidal bir giri\u015f uygulay\u0131p kapasit\u00f6r \u00fczerindeki voltaj\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f olarak al\u0131yoruz. \u015eekil 4, bir LTspice sim\u00fclasyonunun sonucunu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u015eekil 4.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a010 MHz sinyal i\u00e7in giri\u015f voltaj\u0131 (mavi) ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f voltaj\u0131 (k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131).<\/span><\/em><\/h5>\n

 <\/p>\n

Giri\u015f ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f dalga formlar\u0131n\u0131n zaman eksenindeki g\u00f6receli konumlar\u0131, \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n giri\u015fle -90 derece faz fark\u0131 oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu, devrenin rezonans frekans\u0131nda -90 derecelik bir faz kaymas\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir. Bunu matematiksel olarak do\u011frulayabiliriz, ancak bu makalede matematiksel kan\u0131ta girmeden perspektif kazanmak i\u00e7in sim\u00fclasyon sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kullanaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>\n

Giri\u015f frekans\u0131n\u0131 10,2 MHz\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rsak \u015eekil 5\u2019teki dalga formlar\u0131n\u0131 elde ederiz.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u015eekil 5.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a010,2 MHz sinyal i\u00e7in giri\u015f voltaj\u0131 (mavi) ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f voltaj\u0131 (k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131).<\/span><\/em><\/h5>\n

 <\/p>\n

Rezonans frekans\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerindeki frekanslar i\u00e7in, faz kaymas\u0131n\u0131n mutlak de\u011feri \u201390 dereceden b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. \u015eekil 6, rezonans frekans\u0131n\u0131n biraz alt\u0131nda olan 9,8 MHz’deki dalga formlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u015eekil 6.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a09,8 MHz sinyal i\u00e7in giri\u015f voltaj\u0131 (mavi) ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f voltaj\u0131 (k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131).<\/span><\/em><\/h5>\n

 <\/p>\n

Rezonans frekans\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda, faz kaymas\u0131n\u0131n mutlak de\u011feri \u201390 dereceden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. Ayn\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar, \u015eekil 7’de g\u00f6sterilen AC analizi kullan\u0131larak da elde edilebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u015eekil 7.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0RLC devresinin frekans tepkisi: b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck (\u00fcst) ve faz (alt).<\/span><\/em><\/h5>\n

 <\/p>\n

Rezonans frekans\u0131 etraf\u0131ndaki dar bir frekans band\u0131nda, b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck tepkisi neredeyse sabit kal\u0131rken, faz kaymas\u0131 frekansla yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak do\u011frusal olarak de\u011fi\u015fir. Bu frekansa duyarl\u0131 faz kaymas\u0131, FM dalgalar\u0131n\u0131 demod\u00fcle etmek i\u00e7in Foster-Seeley ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00c7ift End\u00fckt\u00f6rlerin Rol\u00fc<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u015eekil 8’de g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi gibi, Foster-Seeley ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, giri\u015fi seri RLC devresine uygulamak i\u00e7in ba\u011fl\u0131 ind\u00fckt\u00f6rler kullan\u0131r. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ba\u011fl\u0131, \u00e7ift ayarl\u0131 devre, y\u00fcksek birincil ve ikincil Q fakt\u00f6rlerine ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 end\u00fcktansa sahiptir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u015eekil 8.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Seeley-Foster ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan ba\u011fl\u0131 ind\u00fckt\u00f6rler.<\/span><\/em><\/h5>\n

 <\/p>\n

Devam etmeden \u00f6nce, hem birincil hem de ikincil sarg\u0131larda kapasit\u00f6rlerin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 unutmay\u0131n. Bu, end\u00fckt\u00f6rler aras\u0131ndaki kuplaj\u0131n birden az oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. E\u011fer bir olsayd\u0131, her iki tarafta tek bir kapasit\u00f6r yeterli olurdu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Basitle\u015ftirmek ad\u0131na, L1’in<\/sub>\u00a0seri direnci olan\u00a0<\/span>R1’in<\/span><\/em>\u00a0ihmal edilebilir oldu\u011funu varsay\u0131yoruz . Ayr\u0131ca, birincil devreye ba\u011flanan empedans\u0131n\u00a0,<\/sub>\u00a0birincil \u00f6z empedansa g\u00f6re \u00f6nemsiz oldu\u011funu varsay\u0131yoruz. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, birincil ak\u0131m \u015fu \u015fekilde hesaplanabilir:<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Birincil ak\u0131m, sekonderde L2<\/span><\/sub>\u00a0ile seri ba\u011fl\u0131 bir gerilim kayna\u011f\u0131yla modellenebilen bir gerilim ind\u00fckler\u00a0ve bu da \u00f6nceki b\u00f6l\u00fcmde inceledi\u011fimiz modele benzer bir sekonder devre modeli olu\u015fturur. \u0130nd\u00fcklenen gerilim, iki ind\u00fckt\u00f6r aras\u0131ndaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 end\u00fcktansa (\u00a0<\/span>M<\/span><\/em>\u00a0) ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Sarg\u0131 y\u00f6nlerinin negatif kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 end\u00fcktans \u00fcretecek \u015fekilde se\u00e7ildi\u011fi varsay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ind\u00fcklenen gerilim \u015fu \u015fekilde elde edilir:<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Sekonderde g\u00f6r\u00fcnen voltaj, V’ye g\u00f6re zaten 180 derece faz fark\u0131 g\u00f6sterir\u00a0.<\/sub><\/em><\/span>\u00a0Ayr\u0131ca<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, seri RLC devresinin rezonans frekans\u0131nda -90 derecelik bir faz kaymas\u0131 \u00fcretti\u011fini biliyoruz. Rezonans frekans\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde bu faz kaymas\u0131 daha negatif hale gelir. Rezonans frekans\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda ise faz kaymas\u0131 daha az negatif hale gelir.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Faz Kaymas\u0131 ve Frekans Aras\u0131ndaki \u0130li\u015fkinin \u0130ncelenmesi<\/span><\/h3>\n

Devrenin genel faz kaymas\u0131 frekansa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fir? Bunu \u00fc\u00e7 olas\u0131 duruma ay\u0131ral\u0131m: rezonans, rezonans alt\u0131 ve rezonans \u00fcst\u00fc.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130lk olarak, rezonans durumunda, genel faz kaymas\u0131, ba\u011fl\u0131 ind\u00fckt\u00f6rlerden 180 derece ve RLC devresinden -90 derecedir. Bu, 180 \u2013 90 = 90 derecelik genel bir faz kaymas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ard\u0131ndan, rezonans frekans\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda, RLC devresinin faz kaymas\u0131n\u0131n \u201380 derece oldu\u011funu varsayal\u0131m. Toplam faz kaymas\u0131 180 \u2013 80 = 100 derece olacakt\u0131r; bu da rezonans frekans\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki frekanslar i\u00e7in genel faz kaymas\u0131n\u0131n 90 dereceden fazla oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. \u201380 derece de\u011ferinin, devre davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemeyi kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yaln\u0131zca bir \u00f6rnek oldu\u011funu unutmay\u0131n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rezonans frekans\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde, RLC devresi i\u00e7in -100 derecelik faz kaymas\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fini ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, 180 – 100 = 70 derecelik toplam faz kaymas\u0131 elde ederiz. Bu, rezonans frekans\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerindeki frekanslar i\u00e7in toplam faz kaymas\u0131n\u0131n 90 dereceden az oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in \u015eekil 9’daki LTspice devresinde bir AC analizi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirece\u011fiz.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u015eekil 9.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Foster-Seeley ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n faz kayd\u0131rma a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 incelemek i\u00e7in LTspice \u015femas\u0131.<\/span><\/em><\/h5>\n

 <\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131daki diyagramdaki K ifadesi<\/span>\u00a0,\u00a0iki end\u00fckt\u00f6r aras\u0131ndaki kuplaj\u0131 tan\u0131mlar. Daha \u00f6nce belirtildi\u011fi gibi, Foster-Seeley ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131ndaki kuplaj 1’den k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. Tutarl\u0131l\u0131k sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in 0,1 gibi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir de\u011fer se\u00e7tik. \u015eekil 10, AC analizinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u015eekil 10.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Faz kayd\u0131rma a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n frekans tepkisi: b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck (\u00fcst) ve faz (alt).<\/span><\/em><\/h5>\n

 <\/p>\n

Rezonans frekans\u0131nda (10 MHz) faz kaymas\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 90 derece, rezonans frekans\u0131n\u0131n 90 dereceden fazla alt\u0131nda ve 90 dereceden az \u00fcst\u00fcnde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rebiliyoruz.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Foster-Seeley Ayr\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n

Art\u0131k temel bile\u015fenlerini ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6re, Foster-Seeley ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak analiz etmeye haz\u0131r\u0131z. Kolayl\u0131k olmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, \u015eekil 11 \u015femay\u0131 yeniden sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Cc<\/span><\/sub>\u00a0ve C4\u00a0<\/span>kondansat\u00f6rleri<\/span><\/sub>\u00a0RF’de\u00a0k\u0131sa devre g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Bu nedenle giri\u015f voltaj\u0131 (\u00a0<\/span>v\u00a0<\/span>in<\/span><\/sub><\/em>\u00a0)\u00a0, RF bobini g\u00f6revi g\u00f6recek kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck olacak \u015fekilde se\u00e7ilen\u00a0<\/span>L3 boyunca g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/span><\/sub><\/p>\n

\u0130kincil sarg\u0131 (L\u00a0<\/span>2<\/span><\/sub>\u00a0) iki b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yukar\u0131daki \u015fekilde, A ve B d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerindeki gerilimler \u015fu \u015fekilde verilmi\u015ftir:<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Burada\u00a0<\/span>v2\u00a0<\/span><\/em>,\u00a0<\/span><\/sub>L2<\/span><\/sub>\u00a0\u00fczerindeki toplam voltajd\u0131r\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6nceki tart\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zdan,\u00a0<\/span>v\u00a0<\/span>in<\/span><\/sub><\/em>\u00a0ve\u00a0<\/span>v\u00a0<\/span><\/em>2<\/span><\/sub>\u00a0aras\u0131ndaki faz-frekans ili\u015fkisini biliyoruz . Rezonans frekans\u0131nda\u00a0<\/span>v\u00a0<\/span><\/em>2 ,\u00a0<\/span><\/sub>v\u00a0<\/span>in’den<\/span><\/sub><\/em>\u00a090 derece \u00f6ndedir\u00a0ve bu da \u015eekil 12’de g\u00f6sterilen vekt\u00f6r diyagram\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

ekil 12.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Rezonanstaki gerilimlerin vekt\u00f6r g\u00f6sterimi.<\/span><\/em><\/h5>\n

 <\/p>\n

Diyot dedekt\u00f6rlerinin \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 (\u00a0<\/span>v\u00a0<\/span>c<\/span><\/sub><\/em>\u00a0ve\u00a0<\/span>v\u00a0<\/span>d<\/span><\/sub><\/em>\u00a0), v\u00a0<\/span>A<\/span><\/sub><\/em>\u00a0ve\u00a0<\/span>v\u00a0<\/span>B’nin<\/span><\/sub><\/em>\u00a0b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckleriyle orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r\u00a0. Genel \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f (\u00a0<\/span>v\u00a0<\/span>out<\/span><\/sub><\/em>\u00a0) \u015fu \u015fekilde verilir:<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Burada \u03b7 d\u00fczeltme verimlili\u011fidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rezonans durumunda, vA\u00a0<\/span>ve<\/span><\/sub><\/em>\u00a0vB<\/span><\/em>\u00a0vekt\u00f6rlerinin e\u015fit b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Denklem 5 s\u0131f\u0131ra ula\u015f\u0131r\u00a0.<\/sub><\/em>\u00a0Rezonans\u0131n alt\u0131nda, sekonder u\u00e7lar\u0131ndaki voltaj giri\u015ften 90 dereceden fazla \u00f6ndedir ve bu da \u015eekil 13’teki vekt\u00f6r diyagram\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u015eekil 13.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Rezonans\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki gerilimlerin vekt\u00f6r g\u00f6sterimi.<\/span><\/em><\/h5>\n

 <\/p>\n

vA’n\u0131n<\/span><\/em>\u00a0b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc vB’ninkinden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011fundan\u00a0<\/span>,<\/span><\/em>\u00a0Denklem\u00a05 rezonans\u0131n alt\u0131nda\u00a0<\/sub><\/em>negatif<\/sub><\/em>\u00a0bir \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f voltaj\u0131 \u00fcretir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Son olarak, giri\u015f frekans\u0131 rezonans frekans\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde oldu\u011funda, sekonder u\u00e7lar\u0131ndaki voltaj giri\u015f voltaj\u0131ndan 90 dereceden daha az \u00f6ndedir. Bu, \u015eekil 14’teki vekt\u00f6r diyagram\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u015eekil 14.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Rezonans\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcndeki gerilimlerin vekt\u00f6r g\u00f6sterimi.<\/span><\/em><\/h5>\n

 <\/p>\n

Bu durumda vA’n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u00a0<\/span>vB’nin\u00a0<\/span><\/em>b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden<\/span><\/em>\u00a0b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr ,\u00a0bu\u00a0<\/sub><\/em>da<\/sub><\/em>\u00a0rezonans frekans\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fta pozitif bir gerilimin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Foster-Seeley Ayr\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n Art\u0131lar\u0131 ve Eksileri<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00d6nceki makalede inceledi\u011fimiz dengeli e\u011fim dedekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn aksine, Foster-Seeley ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n her iki rezonans devresi de ayn\u0131 frekansa ayarl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle tasar\u0131m\u0131 daha kolayd\u0131r. Foster-Seeley ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, frekans tepkisine daha az, olduk\u00e7a do\u011frusal birincil-ikincil faz ili\u015fkisine daha fazla dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fcst\u00fcn bir do\u011frusall\u0131k da sa\u011flar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Foster-Seeley ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n temel dezavantaj\u0131, giri\u015fte istenmeyen AM mod\u00fclasyonuna kar\u015f\u0131 hassasiyetidir. Denklem 4 ve 5’e geri d\u00f6nersek, giri\u015f sinyalinin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin\u00a0<\/span>vA\u00a0<\/span>ve<\/span><\/sub><\/em>\u00a0vB<\/span><\/em>\u00a0genlik de\u011fi\u015fimlerine yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bunlar da genel \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fta genlik de\u011fi\u015fimlerine neden olur. Giri\u015f sinyalindeki herhangi bir AM’nin demod\u00fcle edilmesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in, bu t\u00fcr ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lardan \u00f6nce bir\u00a0s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131<\/sub><\/em>\u00a0devre entegre edilmelidir.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bu makalede, bir ba\u015fka klasik FM demod\u00fclasyon devresini inceleyece\u011fiz: \u015eekil 1’de g\u00f6sterilen Foster-Seeley ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131. Rezonans\u0131n \u00fczerindeki frekanslar i\u00e7in bu devrenin \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f voltaj\u0131 pozitiftir. Rezonans\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":305,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-300","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","category-hamrad"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ta9ea.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/300","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ta9ea.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ta9ea.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ta9ea.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ta9ea.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=300"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ta9ea.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/300\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ta9ea.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ta9ea.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=300"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ta9ea.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=300"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ta9ea.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=300"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}